Understanding Why Gums Turn Black: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

The color of gums is a significant indicator of oral health. While healthy gums typically appear pink or coral in color, changes in gum color can sometimes occur, leading to concerns such as black gums. This comprehensive guide explores the potential reasons why gums may turn black, the associated symptoms, available treatments, and preventive measures to maintain optimal oral health.

Common Causes of Black Gums

1. Smoking and Tobacco Use

One of the most common reasons for black gums is smoking or using tobacco products. The chemicals present in tobacco can lead to pigmentation changes in the gums, causing them to darken over time. This discoloration is often more noticeable in long-term smokers or individuals who use smokeless tobacco.

2. Melanin Deposits

Melanin is a natural pigment responsible for the color of skin and hair. Similarly, melanin can accumulate in the gums, causing them to darken. This condition is more common in individuals with higher levels of melanin production or darker skin tones. While benign, excessive melanin deposits can lead to the appearance of black gums.

3. Oral Melanotic Macule

An oral melanotic macule is a benign, dark spot or patch that can develop on the gums, lips, or inside the mouth. These macules are typically flat and do not cause any discomfort. The exact cause of oral melanotic macules is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from localized melanin production.

4. Medications

Certain medications can cause changes in gum color as a side effect. For example, antimalarial drugs like chloroquine or antipsychotic medications may lead to hyperpigmentation of the gums, resulting in a darker appearance. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider if you notice changes in gum color after starting a new medication.

5. Amalgam Fillings

Amalgam fillings, which contain a combination of metals including silver, mercury, tin, and copper, can sometimes cause a grayish or blackish discoloration of the gums near the filling site. This occurs due to metal particles leaching into the surrounding tissues, resulting in a localized darkening of the gums.

6. Dental Restorations

Certain dental restorations, such as crowns or bridges made from metal alloys, can cause discoloration of the gums near the restoration site. This is more likely if the restoration does not fit properly or if there is a reaction to the materials used in the restoration.

7. Poor Oral Hygiene

Neglecting proper oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits, can contribute to gum discoloration. Plaque buildup and calculus (tartar) accumulation can lead to inflammation and infection of the gums, causing them to appear darker or discolored.

8. Gum Disease

Advanced stages of gum disease, such as periodontitis, can cause changes in gum color. Inflammation and infection of the gums can lead to tissue damage and loss of healthy gum tissue, resulting in a darker or purplish appearance of the gums.

9. Systemic Health Conditions

In some cases, systemic health conditions such as Addison’s disease or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome can cause hyperpigmentation of the gums. These conditions affect melanin production or distribution in the body, leading to changes in skin and mucosal pigmentation, including the gums.

Symptoms Associated with Black Gums

Darkening of Gum Color: The gums may appear black, gray, brown, or purplish in color, depending on the underlying cause.
Localized or Generalized Discoloration: Discoloration may be limited to specific areas of the gums or affect the entire gum tissue.
No Pain or Discomfort: In many cases, black gums are asymptomatic and do not cause pain, itching, or other discomfort.
Changes Over Time: The color of the gums may change gradually or suddenly, depending on the cause and individual factors.

Diagnosing Black Gums

If you notice changes in the color of your gums, it’s essential to seek evaluation and diagnosis from a dental professional. A dentist or periodontist can perform a thorough examination and recommend appropriate tests to determine the underlying cause of black gums. Diagnostic methods may include:

Visual Examination: A dentist will visually inspect the gums and oral cavity for signs of discoloration, inflammation, and other abnormalities.
Medical History: Providing a detailed medical history, including any medications taken and any existing health conditions, can help identify potential causes of black gums.
Biopsy: In cases where the cause of gum discoloration is unclear or there are suspicious lesions, a biopsy may be performed. This involves taking a small sample of tissue from the affected area for microscopic examination.
Dental X-Rays: X-rays can help evaluate the underlying bone structure and rule out any bone-related causes of gum discoloration.
Blood Tests: Blood tests may be conducted to check for systemic conditions that could be contributing to changes in gum color, such as hormonal imbalances or vitamin deficiencies.

Treatment Options for Black Gums

The treatment for black gums depends on the underlying cause identified through diagnosis. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Smoking Cessation

If smoking or tobacco use is the cause of black gums, quitting smoking is essential to prevent further discoloration and improve oral health. Smoking cessation programs and support from healthcare providers can help individuals quit smoking successfully.

2. Oral Melanotic Macule Management

Observation: Small oral melanotic macules may not require treatment and can be monitored for changes over time.
Surgical Removal: If the macule is bothersome or cosmetically concerning, it can be surgically removed by a dentist or oral surgeon.

3. Medication Adjustment

If medications are causing black gums as a side effect, consulting with a healthcare provider to adjust the dosage or switch to alternative medications may help alleviate the discoloration.

4. Improving Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene practices is crucial for preventing and managing gum discoloration. This includes brushing teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and scheduling regular dental check-ups and cleanings.

5. Professional Dental Cleaning

Scaling and Root Planing: Professional dental cleaning can remove plaque, tartar, and surface stains from the gums and teeth, improving gum health and appearance.
Polishing: Dental polishing can help remove surface stains and restore the natural color of the gums.

6. Gum Disease Treatment

Periodontal Therapy: If gum disease is the cause of black gums, periodontal treatment such as scaling and root planing, antibiotic therapy, or surgical intervention may be necessary to restore gum health and prevent further discoloration.

7. Cosmetic Dentistry

Gum Depigmentation: In cases of excessive melanin deposits causing dark gums, cosmetic procedures such as gum depigmentation or laser treatment may be recommended to lighten the gum color and improve aesthetics.

8. Restorative Dentistry

Replacing Dental Restorations: If dental restorations such as amalgam fillings are causing gum discoloration, replacing them with tooth-colored restorations may help improve gum appearance.

Preventive Measures for Black Gums

Preventing black gums involves maintaining good oral hygiene habits and addressing potential risk factors. Here are some preventive measures to consider:

1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene

Brush Regularly: Brush teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
Floss Daily: Clean between teeth and along the gumline daily to remove plaque and prevent gum disease.
Use Mouthwash: Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash to reduce bacteria and plaque buildup.

2. Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use

Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking and avoiding tobacco products can prevent further discoloration of the gums and improve overall oral health.

3. Monitor Oral Health

Regular Dental Check-Ups: Schedule regular dental exams and cleanings to monitor oral health, detect early signs of gum disease, and address concerns promptly.

4. Healthy Diet

Balanced Nutrition: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support overall oral and systemic health.
Vitamins and Minerals: Ensure adequate intake of vitamins and minerals essential for gum health, such as vitamin C and calcium.

5. Manage Health Conditions

Control Systemic Conditions: Manage underlying health conditions such as diabetes or hormonal imbalances to reduce the risk of gum discoloration.

When to See a Dentist

If you notice changes in the color of your gums, it’s essential to schedule an appointment with a dentist or periodontist for evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and restore gum health.

Conclusion

Understanding why gums turn black involves considering various potential causes, ranging from lifestyle factors like smoking to benign conditions such as oral melanotic macules. By maintaining good oral hygiene, quitting smoking, and seeking professional dental care, you can prevent and manage gum discoloration effectively. Remember, regular dental check-ups are essential for monitoring oral health and addressing any concerns promptly. If you have concerns about the color of your gums, consult with a dental professional for personalized evaluation and treatment recommendations.

How do I get rid of black gums? Black gums can be caused by several factors, including:
- Smoking: Tar and nicotine from smoking can stain gums.
- Medications: Certain medications can cause gum discoloration as a side effect.
- Melanin production: Some people naturally have more melanin in their gums, leading to darker pigmentation.
To address black gums:
- Quit smoking: This is crucial for improving oral health and reducing gum discoloration.
- Consult a dentist: They can assess the cause and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include professional cleaning or procedures like gum depigmentation.
Are black gums unhealthy? In many cases, black gums are not necessarily unhealthy on their own but can indicate underlying issues like smoking or medication side effects. However, it’s essential to have them evaluated by a dentist to rule out any potential oral health concerns and ensure proper treatment.
Can black gums turn pink again? Depending on the cause of black gums, they may or may not be reversible:
- Smoking-related staining: Quitting smoking can prevent further discoloration and allow gums to lighten over time, but complete reversal may not be possible.
- Medication-related discoloration: Discuss with your healthcare provider about alternatives if medication is causing gum discoloration.
- Professional treatment: Gum depigmentation procedures performed by a dentist can lighten dark gums to a more natural shade.
What color are unhealthy gums? Unhealthy gums can exhibit various colors indicating different conditions:
- Red or swollen gums: Often a sign of gingivitis, an early stage of gum disease.
- Purple or bluish gums: Can indicate poor circulation or more severe gum disease.
- White or pale gums: May indicate anemia or other systemic health issues.
- Black or dark brown gums: Often associated with smoking, certain medications, or excessive melanin production.
If you notice any unusual coloration or changes in your gums, it’s essential to consult a dentist for proper evaluation and treatment.

How to remove black stains from gums? Removing black stains from gums depends on the cause:
- Quit smoking: If smoking is the cause, quitting can prevent further staining and allow gums to lighten over time.
- Professional cleaning: A dentist can perform a deep cleaning to remove surface stains from gums.
- Gum depigmentation: This procedure involves using lasers or chemicals to lighten dark spots on the gums.
It’s essential to address the underlying cause and consult with a dentist for appropriate treatment options.
What does an unhealthy mouth look like? Signs of an unhealthy mouth include:
- Gum disease: Red, swollen gums that bleed easily.
- Tooth decay: Visible cavities, tooth discoloration, or tooth sensitivity.
- Bad breath: Persistent bad breath despite regular brushing and flossing.
- Oral infections: Swelling, pus, or sores in the mouth.
Regular dental check-ups can help detect and treat oral health issues early.
How do I make my gums Pinker? To promote healthier, pinker gums:
- Practice good oral hygiene: Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque.
- Regular dental visits: Schedule dental cleanings and check-ups to monitor gum health and receive professional care.
- Healthy lifestyle: Avoid smoking and maintain a balanced diet to support overall oral health.
Improving gum health can help gums return to a natural pink color over time.
Are dark gums unattractive? Perception of gum color varies culturally and individually. Some people may find dark gums unattractive, while others may not. What’s important is maintaining healthy gums and oral hygiene to prevent oral health issues regardless of gum color.
Is Black Gum attractive? Beauty standards and preferences vary widely. Some individuals may find black gums attractive, while others may not. Ultimately, gum color is a personal characteristic influenced by genetics, lifestyle factors like smoking, and oral hygiene practices. Prioritizing overall gum health is key, regardless of natural gum color.

How to whiten gums? Gums cannot be whitened in the same way teeth can. However, improving gum health and reducing pigmentation can help gums appear healthier and lighter in color:
- Quit smoking: Smoking can darken gums; quitting can prevent further discoloration.
- Professional treatment: Consult a dentist for gum depigmentation procedures, which use lasers or chemicals to lighten dark spots.
- Maintain oral hygiene: Brushing, flossing, and regular dental cleanings can help improve overall gum health.
How to cure gum disease without a dentist? While professional dental care is essential for curing gum disease, you can improve gum health at home:
- Good oral hygiene: Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily.
- Antimicrobial mouthwash: Use a mouthwash recommended for gum health.
- Healthy diet: Avoid sugary foods and eat a balanced diet.
- Quit smoking: Smoking can worsen gum disease.
However, seeing a dentist is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of gum disease.
Will black gums spread? Black gums themselves do not spread. However, the underlying causes, such as smoking or certain medications, can continue to affect gum health and appearance if not addressed. Quitting smoking and seeking professional dental care can prevent further discoloration and improve gum health.
Should I be worried about my dark gums? Dark gums can be caused by various factors, including genetics, smoking, or medication side effects. While they may not always indicate a serious health issue, it’s essential to have them evaluated by a dentist to rule out underlying problems and receive appropriate treatment if necessary.
How to fix grey gums? Grey gums can be a sign of poor circulation, underlying health issues, or certain medications. To address grey gums:
- Consult a dentist: They can assess the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
- Improve oral hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene habits, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups.
- Address underlying health issues: Work with your healthcare provider to manage any underlying conditions contributing to gum discoloration.
Professional dental care and medical advice are essential for addressing grey gums effectively.

How to reverse gum disease? Reversing gum disease, such as gingivitis or early-stage periodontitis, involves effective oral hygiene and professional dental care:
- Good oral hygiene: Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque.
- Antimicrobial mouthwash: Use a mouthwash recommended for gum health.
- Regular dental visits: Schedule professional cleanings and check-ups to monitor gum health and receive treatment.
- Quit smoking: Smoking can worsen gum disease; quitting can improve gum health.
Advanced cases may require scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) or surgical intervention by a dentist or periodontist.
Can salt remove black gums? There is no scientific evidence to support salt as a treatment for black gums. While saltwater rinses can help reduce inflammation and promote healing after dental procedures, they do not remove pigmentation or treat underlying causes of black gums, such as smoking or medication side effects.
Do black gums heal? Black gums caused by factors like smoking or medication side effects may improve with lifestyle changes and professional dental care:
- Quit smoking: This can prevent further discoloration and improve gum health.
- Professional treatment: Dentists can perform gum depigmentation procedures to lighten dark spots on the gums.
However, the extent of improvement depends on the cause and severity of the discoloration.
How to fix black gums at home? While professional dental care is recommended for treating black gums effectively, you can support gum health at home:
- Good oral hygiene: Brush and floss daily to remove plaque and debris.
- Healthy diet: Avoid sugary foods and eat a balanced diet.
- Quit smoking: Smoking can darken gums; quitting can prevent further discoloration.
Consulting a dentist is essential for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.
Why does gum turn black? Gums can turn black due to several reasons, including:
- Smoking: Tar and nicotine from smoking can stain gums.
- Medications: Some medications can cause pigmentation changes in gums as a side effect.
- Genetics: Some individuals naturally have more melanin in their gums, leading to darker pigmentation.
Addressing the underlying cause is key to managing black gums effectively.
Are black gums unattractive? Perception of gum color varies individually and culturally. Some people may find black gums unattractive, while others may not. Regardless of personal preference, maintaining healthy gums through proper oral hygiene and professional dental care is crucial for overall oral health.
How do you care for black gum? Caring for black gums involves:
- Good oral hygiene: Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque.
- Professional dental care: Schedule regular dental cleanings and check-ups to monitor gum health and receive treatment as needed.
- Quit smoking: If applicable, quitting smoking can prevent further discoloration and improve gum health.
- Consult a dentist: They can assess the cause of black gums and recommend appropriate treatment, such as gum depigmentation procedures or management of underlying health issues.
Following these steps can help maintain healthier gums and prevent further discoloration.

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