Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Angular cheilitis, a common yet often misunderstood condition, affects the corners of the mouth. This guide explores its causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods to help you maintain better oral health and overall well-being.

1. What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis is a localized inflammation that occurs at the corners of the mouth. It manifests as red, swollen patches that may crack, bleed, or cause pain. While it can occur in people of all ages, certain conditions make some individuals more prone to this ailment.

Unlike other dermatological issues, angular cheilitis can have multiple triggers, including infections, nutrient deficiencies, or habits that irritate the lips. Timely treatment ensures faster healing and prevents discomfort from escalating.

2. Common Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Understanding the causes is critical for effective management and prevention of angular cheilitis. The following are some common reasons why this condition develops:

a. Fungal Infections

The yeast Candida albicans often thrives in moist environments, such as the corners of the mouth, leading to angular cheilitis.

b. Bacterial Infections

Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus can also infect the compromised skin, exacerbating symptoms.

c. Nutritional Deficiencies

Inadequate levels of vitamin B2 (riboflavin), iron, or zinc can impair the skin’s ability to heal, increasing susceptibility.

d. Dryness and Irritation

Excessive licking of lips, use of certain cosmetics, or exposure to harsh weather conditions can lead to cracked skin that promotes angular cheilitis.

e. Ill-Fitting Dental Appliances

Dentures or braces that do not fit well can create folds where moisture accumulates, fostering an ideal environment for infections.

3. Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

Identifying angular cheilitis early allows for timely intervention. Common symptoms include:

• Redness and swelling at the corners of the mouth
• Cracked or split skin
• Painful sores that may bleed when opened
• Difficulty eating or speaking due to discomfort
• Formation of crusts or scabs over affected areas
• Itching or burning sensation around the lips

4. Risk Factors

Some individuals are more susceptible to angular cheilitis due to underlying factors. These include:

• Age: Old-aged people often experience angular cheilitis due to reduced immunity and poorly fitting dentures.
• Immune Disorders: Conditions like HIV or diabetes increase vulnerability.
• Lifestyle Habits: Frequent lip licking or smoking exacerbates irritation.
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Neglecting oral care can lead to bacterial growth in mouth corners.

5. Diagnosing Angular Cheilitis

A healthcare provider diagnoses angular cheilitis through a physical examination and, if necessary, laboratory tests. Scraping from the affected area may be analyzed to determine if a fungal or bacterial infection is present. In cases where nutrient deficiencies are suspected, blood tests might be conducted.

6. Effective Treatment Options

a. Medical Treatments

• Antifungal Creams: Prescribed to combat fungal infections caused by Candida albicans.
• Antibacterial Ointments: Used if bacterial involvement is confirmed.
• Topical Steroids: Reduce inflammation and promote healing.
• Vitamin Supplements: Address deficiencies in B vitamins, iron, or zinc.

b. Home Remedies

• Coconut Oil: Acts as a natural antifungal and soothes the skin.
• Aloe Vera: Provides anti-inflammatory benefits to reduce redness.
• Petroleum Jelly: Keeps the area moisturized and protected.
• Honey: Possesses antimicrobial properties to aid healing.
• Tea Tree Oil: Diluted tea tree oil can prevent infections and relieve irritation.

7. Prevention Tips for Angular Cheilitis

Maintain Oral Hygiene

Brushing and flossing regularly prevents bacterial buildup.

Stay Hydrated

Proper hydration keeps the lips from drying out, reducing cracking.

Use Protective Lip Products

Lip balms with SPF shield against environmental damage.

Improve Nutrition

Incorporate foods rich in vitamins B2, iron, and zinc, like leafy greens, nuts, and lean meats.

Adjust Dental Appliances

Ensure dentures or braces fit correctly to avoid irritation.

Avoid Lip Licking

Train yourself to break this habit, as saliva can worsen dryness.

8. Complications of Untreated Angular Cheilitis

Ignoring angular cheilitis may result in persistent discomfort and additional complications, such as:

• Chronic infections requiring extensive treatment
• Permanent scarring
• Difficulty in eating and speaking due to prolonged pain

9. When to See a Doctor

If symptoms persist beyond a week or worsen despite home care, seek medical advice. Persistent cases may indicate underlying health issues, such as diabetes or immune deficiencies, which need targeted management.

10. Conclusion: Promoting Oral Health

Angular cheilitis is a treatable condition that can cause significant discomfort if neglected. By addressing its causes and adopting preventive measures, you can reduce the likelihood of recurrence. Prioritize oral hygiene, maintain a balanced diet, and consult healthcare professionals when necessary to keep your lips healthy and pain-free.

Related to read:

Best Oral Hygiene Practices For Optimum Oral Health.

Bruxism: Teeth grinding causes treatment and prevention.

How to keep your gums healthy and disease-free?

References

To ensure the information provided is accurate and up-to-date, the following sources were referenced:

1. American Dental Association. (n.d.). Plaque and Tartar. Retrieved from ADA website
2. Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Dental Plaque. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic website
3. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. (n.d.). Periodontal (Gum) Disease. Retrieved from NIDCR website